Performance of horizontal flow constructed wetland for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater in a remote tribal area of Central India

Abstract The purification of the primary treated domestic sewage was performed in present study through horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland (CW) 10 × 3.5 m dimension. using three setups CW 1 (Unplanted CW), 2 (CW planted with macrophyte Typha latifolia ), and 3 two species T. Commelina benghalensis ). experiments were by converting one type into other form sequentially, i.e., built first after experiments, it converted then 3. filled a layer coarse fine gravel 70 cm depth as filter media 1:2 ratio. Each set operated for months (12 wk) during which treatment performance wetlands basic physicochemical parameters evaluated. continuous mode at an average hydraulic loading rate 250 L h ? effluent analysed twice every week four different sampling points having retention times (HRT) 12, 24, 36 48 important quality All able to clean significantly. Among sets used, best performer removing 79, 77, 78% biochemical oxygen demand, chemical nitrate, ammonia, phosphate respectively HRT. wetlands, removed highest percent total coliforms, fecal E. coli 64, 61 52% respectively.